In 40 years of reform and opening up, what did China do right?This is a question that the world, including China, is asking themselves.
At the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up on December 18, reviewed the difficult journey and great achievements in China in the past 40 years, summarized China's successful experience, and positioned the reform and opening up as the three major milestones of China's historical development.One,
At present, the Sino -US trade friction is still continuing, and the global conservative trend is not easier for China to be easier than 40 years.The ship is even more rushing to the middle, and people reach Manshan Road is steeper. What should China persist and reform?What is the significance of China's reform to world development?Observer.com interviewed Zhang Wei, Dean of the China Research Institute of Fudan University, and interpreted the 40 years of reform and opening up in China from an international perspective.
When Professor Zhang Weiyi attended the China Lecture Hall hosted by the Hong Kong Fund, he deconstructed the cultural connotation behind the Chinese model and the significance of China's rise to the world.
Observer.com: You have been translated by Deng Xiaoping. He is known as the chief designer of China's reform and opening up. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was also held under his auspices.During the contact with Deng Xiaoping, what guidance and judgment did he have in the impression of reform and opening up?
Zhang Weiwei: Let me give you an example.In 1985, I accompanied the President of Tanzania to see Deng Xiaoping. Movney hoped that he would talk about the experience of China's reform and opening up. He said eight words: open inside, open to the outside world.He said that there is no two openness in the construction of socialist modernization.He also said that opening up is reform.Reform is a comprehensive reform. Not only the economy, politics, but also the industry and other industries.Mavini later lamented Deng Xiaoping's simple words.
If you understand the specific space -time environment of China at that time, the four words open in the interior can be said to seize the bull nose that solves many problems.Under the highly concentrated planned economy system at that time, the division of blocks between regions, departments, between industries, and between urban and rural areas, ownership discrimination, regional discrimination, hierarchical concepts, monopoly rights, etc., all need to be continuously internal internally internally internally.Open to solve.
As for opening to the outside world, you know that during the Cold War, the United States deliberately excluded the former Soviet Union from the world market led by the United States.At that time, Stalin believed that the two world market systems were needed, which is the two systems that were completely separated from socialism and capitalism.But Deng Xiaoping's cognition is completely different.
He believes that China cannot be isolated from the world market. Instead, it is necessary to comprehensively open, participate in international competition, and integrate into the world economy, but this openness is independent and open, not blindly obeying the West.What he often say is to make a profit and avoid harm, which makes China the biggest beneficiary of globalization. Most Chinese people are also beneficiaries participating in globalization.Western multinational companies are actually beneficiaries, but the defects of the Western political system make this income cannot be shared by the majority of the people.Essence
Looking back at China's opening up to the outside world, we seized many strategic opportunities for leapfrog development.For example, in the 1980s, through the formulation and implementation of the coastal opening strategy, China seized the opportunity of the 80 years of labor -intensive industries in Asia to transfer, and successfully undertaked the labor -intensive industries transferred by the four dragons.For another example, joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, China seized the opportunities that the low -end manufacturing industries in the Western countries needed to transfer, making China soon become the manufacturing center of the world, the largest industrial scale in the world, the most complete industrial chain, and industrial cluster in the world.The richest country.This process has created hundreds of millions of employment opportunities for China, causing countless poor people to get rid of poverty. At the same time, China has learned a lot of technology and management and paved the way for China to rise in all aspects.
Observer.com: At the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up on December 18, it is said that in China, a great country with a history of more than 5,000 years of civilization and more than 1.3 billion people has been promoted to reform and development.The teacher of the Chinese people's fingers.What do you think of this passage?
Zhang Weiwei: You know that Western countries have undergone financial crisis, the economy has been severely damaged, and the negative impact has not yet ended. It may soon erupt the financial crisis again.But the West was used to drawing hands on other countries, and even to China.President Xi's words were loud and responded to this stupid arrogance.
Keywords: The 40th anniversary of reform and opening up the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up the 40th anniversary of Sino -US relations Sino -US trade friction between China and the United States Competitive Financial Crisis Capitalism Socialism
This reminds me of a speech at Yale University in the United States early this year. Talking about the Chinese model and Sino -US relations, a scholar also asked me when I would abandon the national capitalist model.I said, you are wrong, we are Chinese socialist models, not national capitalist models.I also told him how Chinese socialism saved US capitalism in 2008. After the outbreak of the U.S. loan crisis in 2008, US Treasury Secretary Paulson came to China for help and asked China to buy US Treasury bonds and IMF bonds to help the United States spend overDifficulty.If China does not take the lead in buying, no one may buy it. At that time, China decided to rescue the United States, which increased a large number of U.S. Treasury bonds, and at the same time entered the period of loose monetary policy.China's cultural genes are really good with others. China believes that the world economy is already me. I have you in me, and no one can do it alone. However, once the United States has recovered from the crisis, it is forgotten.
The story of farmers and snakes, I wonder if Americans have heard of it?
In my own judgment, the next financial crisis in the US capitalist outbreak is probably just a matter of time, one year, or within three years, it is difficult to predict, but this crisis will come only a matter of time.For China itself, Chinese socialism is the only means to prevent this crisis from spreading to China, so China cannot give up Chinese socialism.This is the magic weapon for Chinese enemies to win.
I hope that the next time the financial crisis broke out, the United States should not come to ask China for help, hoping that American capitalism will carry it.I also hope that when the next crisis is coming, is the Chinese government considering whether it is necessary to help the country that is forgotten?In other words, is it necessary for Chinese socialism to help American capitalism?How do human destiny community build?We are all exploring, but its foundation can only be a win -win cooperation, not the United States, but the United States is alone, with neighbors and zero -sum games.
Observer.com: There are some power in the United States to curb China's rise, and even use extreme means to deal with Chinese companies that become competitors, such as Huawei.How do you think we should deal with it?
Zhang Weiyi: I gave a lot of Hong Kong media in Hong Kong in Hong Kong the day before yesterday in Hong Kong.Someone asked me at the time that the United States and Canada used the despicable rogue methods to deal with China. What should China do?
I said, please rest assured that China's leaders have experienced the troubled times of the Cultural Revolution today, knowing how to deal with hooligans.
Observer.com: In his speech, General Secretary Xi also mentioned that we should change the change and can be changed.What do you think is the success of China's reform and opening up because of what we have changed and what we persist?Western always criticized the Chinese government's role in the economy. Can it be said that the role of the government must also adhere to it?
Zhang Weiwei: This Sino -US trade friction made us see the hypocrisy of the West. What about good free trade?What about fair competition?In a game rules, it is basically the WestIn the world formulated in the family, it is difficult for a developing country to develop through the world's formal development of the government to promote the elimination of poverty, developing the economy, and participating in international competition, let alone beyond the West.Western financial crocodiles and speculative crocodiles, from oil to grain, to all areas that can be imagined, are in the wind, a country is a little careless, and its economic achievements and people's wealth may be swallowed by them.
Looking back at the 40 years of reform and opening up in China, the role of the Chinese party and the government is very similar to directing the battles one after another. China has played the battle of rural reform, the battle to establish a special zone, the battle for open coastal cities, and the development of Pudong Development.In the battle, the campaign to join the WTO and its related system reform and innovation, fought the battle for the development of the western region, and now fight the battle that completely eliminates extreme poverty.It is the victory of this series of battles that laid a comprehensive rise today.
Since the founding of 1949, China has formulated a five -year plan every five years to provide a blueprint for the next five years of development and put it into practice.To this day, we have planned and implemented 13 five -year planning. During this period, China has achieved a successful transformation from the Soviet -style instruction plan to the Chinese -style guidance plan.Starting from the long -term interests, the countries that are planned for medium and long -term strategic planning and put into implementation.This has a clear comparison with the government's serious lack of planning and implementation capabilities in the Western model.Of course, the Chinese model must be continuously improved. We can also do our own affairs better by continuing reform, including the reform of the government.
